Balanitis, or inflammation of the glans penis, can be triggered by a number of different infections and factors. The term "nonspecific balanitis" refers to those cases where an exact etiology for this penile inflammation cannot be found (a common occurrence). Patients may experience a burning sensation, itching, pain, or tenderness. Periurethral involvement may have associated pain with urination. Balanoposthitis refers to inflammation of both the glans and of the foreskin in uncircumcised males.

Balanitis is common, affecting 11% of men presenting to urology clinics. Uncircumcised men with poor personal hygiene are most often affected.

Common infectious triggers include Candida, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Streptococcus. Smegma retention, trauma from intercourse, spermicides, and deodorants are other triggers. In older males, diabetes mellitus may be a factor. Other common causes are fixed drug eruption, malignancy, and allergic contact dermatitis (eg, sensitization to an allergen within a condom). Complications include phimosis, fissuring, meatal stenosis, and involvement of the urethra requiring surgery.