Drug-induced polyneuropathy is damage of multiple peripheral nerves, in a relatively symmetric fashion, due to various drugs. There can be many different mechanisms of injury, including direct neurotoxicity resulting in axonal degeneration, disruption of mitochondrial function, drug-induced vitamin deficiency, or peripheral nerve vasculitis. Sensory, motor, or autonomic nerves may be affected. Some of the drugs associated with this condition include certain chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics, and antiretrovirals.

Symptoms depend on the type of nerve fibers affected. Affected individuals may have paresthesias, numbness, burning pain, balance problems, abnormal pseudomotor function, orthostasis, or weakness. Symptoms can develop acutely or gradually, and prognosis varies. A dose-response relationship, temporal relationship of onset of symptoms and drug exposure, improvement of symptoms after drug cessation, and exclusion of other causes should raise suspicion for this condition.